“I had developed a unifying theory for the cause of all mental illnesses. I call it the theory of brain energy.”
“Metabolism and mitochondria can explain all the symptoms of mental illness.”
“Psychiatric diagnoses are all based on the concept of syndromes. A syndrome is a cluster of signs and symptoms that commonly occur together, with a cause that is not yet known.”
“We have arrived at our common thread, the underpinning factor that lets us answer our tangled questions about causes and treatments, symptoms and overlaps. Mental disorders—all of them—are metabolic disorders of the brain.”
“Metabolism is the process of turning food into energy or building blocks for growing and maintaining cells, as well as the appropriate and efficient management of waste products. Metabolism is how our cells work.”
“When the stress is mild, people who are resilient and metabolically healthy deal with it. It can be over in a matter of seconds or minutes. However, if a body is metabolically compromised, or if the stress is extreme, people can be pushed over the edge, and a new mental or metabolic disorder can quickly emerge.”
“Our cells degrade these old parts in waste-disposal systems called lysosomes. Some of this material is recycled and used to make new parts. High levels of cortisol have been found to inhibit autophagy, slowing down or stopping this maintenance process.”
“Mitochondria are tiny. On average, each human cell has about three to four hundred mitochondria. This means that there are about ten million billion mitochondria in the human body.”
“The diseases and illnesses that have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction are widespread, and the list includes almost all of the psychiatric disorders. It also includes the metabolic and neurological disorders that I have discussed—obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and epilepsy.”
“As we embrace the idea that mental disorders are no longer syndromes but metabolic disorders of the brain, new solutions become obvious. We need to restore brain energy by normalizing metabolism and the function of mitochondria.”
“Once we begin thinking about all these disorders through the lens of metabolism and mitochondria, the possibilities for improvement are endless.”